Whole-genome sequencing and genomic characterization of a novel multi-drug resistant esxA-positive Staphylococcus haemolyticus DUEML1 (ST-184) isolated from a respiratory infection case: insights from panresistome analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a coagulase-negative staphylococcal species and an opportunistic pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize a novel multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. haemolyticus strain, DUEML1 (ST-184), isolated from a respiratory infection case in Bangladesh, and to place its resistome and virulence features in the context of global S. haemolyticus isolates. METHODS: The isolate was obtained in pure culture from the tracheal aspirate of a 51-year-old male patient with respiratory infection, suggesting it was the primary causative agent. WGS was the primary method to analyze the genome of the isolated strain and subsequent in-silico analyses were performed to identify antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, plasmid-associated genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and prophages. Comparative pan-resistome analysis was conducted using 694 publicly available S. haemolyticus genomes retrieved from NCBI. RESULTS: The isolate exhibited in vitro resistance to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, doxycycline, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as determined by the disc diffusion test, and demonstrated the capacity for biofilm formation. Several antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) such as fosBx1, mgrA, norC, sdrM, sepA and two virulence genes, including esxA and cap8G were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an…
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