Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized pneumonia patients in Beed, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia globally with little data on surveillance in semi-urban India. The ensuing spread of antimicrobial resistance has added to the complexity of the treatment outcomes especially in the under-resource districts like Beed, Maharashtra. In all, 150 throat swab specimens of clinically suspected pneumonia patients were obtained in four wards lasting 12-months between January 2022 and December 2022. S. pneumoniae was isolated and identified by classical phenotypic and biochemical testing including Gram staining, haemolysis, optochin susceptibility, bile dissolution and sugar fermentation patterns. Confirmed isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility with a broad spectrum of 0-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, carbapenems, and other agents which were interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. Out of 150 samples, 109 (72.6%) were confirmed as S. pneumoniae, with the highest distribution in ICU patients (28.4%). Males accounted for 56% of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to penicillin (47.7%), ampicillin (47.7%), azithromycin (70.6%), clindamycin (45%), tetracycline (42.2%), and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (56.9%). In contrast, newer cephalosporins such as ceftaroline (81.6%) and cefepime (78.0%), along with carbapenems (78–81%), vancomycin (100%), linezolid (98.2%), and tigecycline (100%), demonstrated…
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