Recent Advances in the Management of AIDS-related Opportunistic Infections
Abstract
Dr. H. Clifford Lane (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIAID], National Institutes of Health [NIH], Bethesda, Maryland): Serious opportunistic infections rarely develop until late in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The risk for developing an opportunistic infection is closely associated with the CD4 count. Most serious opportunistic infections do not occur until the CD4 count decreases to below 200 cells/L. In the United States, almost 80% of patients with HIV die because of opportunistic infections. We focus on recent advances in the management of these problems. Preclinical Evaluation of Candidate Therapeutic Agents Dr. Barbara E. Laughon (NIAID, NIH): New agents to treat AIDS-related opportunistic infections are needed because of the relatively high rate of toxic reactions to current drugs, the treatment failures in various settings, and the increased emergence of resistant strains. The development of new therapies is often hampered by a lack of information on the basic biology of most of these organisms. Many exhibit complex life cycles, and both in vitro and in vivo culture systems are either difficult or nonexistent. The standard animal model for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the corticosteroid-treated rat. In addition, molecular screens are now being established using enzymes purified from animal-derived organisms or derived by recombinant technology. Among the potential new drugs for treating P. carinii pneumonia…
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