Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2018-21 in Pakistan: data based on CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs) collected in 2018-21 from Pakistan.
METHODS: MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution; susceptibility data were interpreted using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints.
RESULTS: S. pneumoniae (n = 57) and H. influenzae (n = 67) were collected from the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. The proportion of penicillin-susceptible pneumococci was 28.1% by CLSI oral/EUCAST low-dose breakpoints; 98.3%/98.2% were susceptible by EUCAST high-dose/CLSI intravenous breakpoints. Good activity (≥93.0%) was observed using CLSI or PK/PD breakpoints for amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Cefdinir and cefaclor were less active (75.4% and 57.9%, respectively, by CLSI and 61.4% and 19.3%, respectively, by PK/PD). Tetracyclines, macrolides and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were poorly active (5.3%-36.8%). EUCAST high-dose breakpoints indicated similar activity, although susceptibility to cefaclor (0%), cefpodoxime (70.2%) and cefuroxime (68.4%) was lower than by CLSI. Most H. influenzae isolates were β-lactamase negative (95.5%). Generally, antibiotic susceptibility was >83.6% by CLSI for all antibiotics except trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (13.4%).…
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