Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green and biocompatible copolymers for pneumonia treatment: a murine study
Abstract
Pneumonia remains one of the leading global public health challenges, with rising antimicrobial resistance severely limiting the effectiveness of conventional therapies. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to combat lower respiratory tract infections. Nonetheless, its in vivo efficacy has been hampered by lung surfactant (LS), which sequesters photosensitizers (PS) and prevents them from reaching bacterial targets, thereby reducing therapeutic outcomes. To address this barrier, recent studies have demonstrated that indocyanine green (ICG) complexed with the copolymer Gantrez AN-139 maintains activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro , even in the presence of LS. Building upon these findings, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of this formulation in a murine pneumonia model. Among the tested protocols, nebulization of 200 µM ICG with 4% (w/w) Gantrez AN-139 followed by external near-infrared illumination (808 nm, 120 J/cm²) achieved nearly 3 log₁₀ bacterial reduction and improved survival (80% at 21 days). These
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