Anti-inflammatory efficacy of NSAIDs and their combinations with antibiotics in a rat model of acute carrageenan-induced inflammation
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a fundamental pathophysiological process involved in numerous diseases. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rodents is a well-established method for evaluating anti-inflammatory agents. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac (DCF) and ketoprofen (KET), exert their effects primarily through cyclooxygenase inhibition, while certain antibiotics, including cefuroxime (CFX) and levofloxacin (LFC), may indirectly influence inflammatory pathways. This study assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of DCF and KET, administered alone or combined with CFX or LFC, in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema. Materials and methods: Forty-five Wistar rats were divided into nine groups (n = 5) receiving saline, NSAIDs, antibiotics, or their combinations. Treatments were given intraperitoneally every 12 hours for three days. Acute inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Paw volume was measured at baseline and at 6, 24, and 72 hours. Edema was expressed as percentage increase in paw volume, and anti-inflammatory activity as percentage of edema inhibition. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA method. Results: Edema peaked at 6 hours after carrageenan injection. Both NSAIDs significantly reduced paw swelling at all time points, with DCF showing greater and more sustained efficacy than KET. Antibiotics alone had minimal impact, except for a modest reduction with CFX at 24 hours.…
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