Eu3+-doped ZnO quantum dots: structure, vibration characteristics, optical properties, and energy transfer process
Abstract
This article studies the synthesis, as well as the structural, vibrational, and optical properties of Eu3+-doped ZnO quantum dots (QDs) and investigates the energy transfer mechanism from the ZnO host to Eu3+ ions using Reisfeld's approximation. Eu3+-doped ZnO QDs at varying concentrations (0–7%) were successfully prepared using a wet chemical method. The successful doping of Eu3+ ions into the ZnO host lattice, as well as the composition and valence states of the elements present in the sample, were confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. XRD results demonstrated the crystalline nature of the ZnO QDs, revealing their wurtzite (WZ) structure with no secondary phases. XPS analysis provided further confirmation of the presence of Eu3+ ions within the ZnO host, with clear signals corresponding to the Zn, O, and Eu elements. The valence states of Eu were verified as trivalent (Eu3+), confirming the successful doping of Eu3+ ions, as evidenced by the characteristic Eu 3d peaks in the XPS spectra. Raman spectroscopy (RS) was employed to analyze the vibrational modes, revealing shifts in ZnO lattice vibrations due to Eu3+ incorporation, indicating strong coupling between Eu3+ ions and the ZnO host. Optical properties were studied using UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and PL decay spectroscopy, showing a significant enhancement of red emission, attributed to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions under UV…
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