Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors. Editor’s summary Studying many-body quantum physics using quantum computers and simulators requires the generation of correlated many-body states. One promising but experimentally challenging approach is to use an external reservoir to repeatedly remove excitations from the system under study, which effectively cools the system toward its correlated ground state. Mi et al. used this dissipative cooling method to prepare low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model on a superconducting transmon quantum processor. Measuring long-range correlators of these states provided evidence…
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