Macroscopic Changes in the Human Placenta in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Indian Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a common complication in 6-10% of pregnancies and is one of the prime factors for foetal, as well as, maternal fatalities and morbidities. Significant pathological changes are seen in the placenta in hypertensive pregnancies before affecting the foetus. These changes may serve as an early warning system for detecting foetal issues like low birth weight and growth restriction. Early detection and intervention of morphological changes in the placenta and umbilical cord can help prevent adverse foetal outcomes. Aim: To study the macroscopic changes in the placenta in women with HTN induced by pregnancy compared to non hypertensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between December 2017 and January 2019. A sample size of 43 each was taken for non hypertensive and hypertensive subjects, including those with preeclampsia and chronic HTN with superimposed preeclampsia. The placental morphological parameters, routine biochemical tests and neonatal outcomes of both groups were analysed statistically using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Independent t-test and Chi-square test. A probability value less than 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.35±3.026 years in the hypertensive group and 26.23±2.636…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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