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Logic of Medical Language: An Introduction to Quantum Probability in the Masticatory System

Gianni Frisardi

Masticationpedia, 2026

Abstract

The chapter Introduction to quantum probability in the masticatory system addresses the most radical question of the entire Section I: when we observe a patient, are we seeing the system or just a clinically accessible projection of it? The comparison between two patients—one with a crossbite and perfectly symmetrical neuromuscular function, one with apparently ideal post-surgical occlusion but adaptive instability—shows that morphology says something, but it does not say everything. The shape can be deceiving, or it can only represent a threshold for the emergence of a deeper neurobiological state. Schrödinger's cat paradox is introduced not to state that the patient is "alive and dead at the same time", but for its precise epistemological function: an unobservable event can determine a macroscopic outcome that becomes evident only when the box is opened with the right tools. In the case of Mary Poppins this was concretely true: the trigeminal demyelination and the ephaptic mechanism constituted the internal state of the system - invisible from the joint morphology — while the involuntary muscle blocks represented its macroscopic manifestation. The clinician who stopped at the morphological observable was looking at the cat without having opened the box with the appropriate tools. But then classical probability is not sufficient to describe these systems? The EEG example shows this concretely: the recorded signal is not a single local source but a spatio-temporal resultant…

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