On the Benefits of Quantum Entanglement and Compton Kinematics for Scatter Discrimination in PET Imaging
Abstract
This paper compares methods for rejecting in-patient scattered photons in PET instruments, which can degrade image quality by introducing bias and noise. The focus is on events where both annihilation photons interact several times in the detection medium. Compton scattering physics and annihilation photon polarization entanglement are utilized. Events are classified by the number of hits in the detector to assess information quality, and the spatial response from lines of response or Compton cones is analysed. A comparison between methods is made through a simulation of an ideal cylindrical detector with a radius of 15 cm and a thickness of 1 cm, using Geant4. Results from the simulations are used to create histograms for the different observables. Metrics, such as receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves and noise equivalent count (NEC), are used to quantify the efficiency of each method and the influence of hit multiplicity. Alongside this simulation-based investigation, an experiment using a pair of CdZnTe Compton cameras has been set up to validate the entanglement model and its integration simulation. We demonstrate that entanglement information may be considered less valuable, achieving an area under the ROC curve of 52% compared to energy deposition and Compton kinematics, which have an area of 97%. Finally, the obtained detective quantum efficiency (DQE) demonstrates the superiority of Compton cones for low resolution, up to around 0.05 cm-1, followed by the…
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