The unsung women of citriculture: bridging science and society through macro and micro analysis for improved technology adoption in citrus value chain
Abstract
Introduction Women constitute 43% of the global agricultural workforce, and remain largely undocumented in several sectors, especially citrus farming (citriculture). Although citrus fruits are cultivated commercially in more than 150 countries, significant gender disparities exist in citriculture, such as women facing drudgery, lack of access to resources, advisories, technical information, and opportunities for capacity development. Methods In this study, the quantum of documentation done in “science” on “women in citriculture” was analyzed through “macroanalysis” whereby bibliographic assessment and systematic review of literature of 306 articles ranging from 1929 to 2024 available in “gender and citrus farming” from 35 major citrus producing countries was done using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI). A cross-country visualization of gender disparities affecting agricultural technology adoption by women farmers was also done. For validating the findings with “society,” a “microanalysis” based on the theoretical grounding of Kabeer’s empowerment framework was conducted by interviewing 300 women citrus growers of Nagpur, India, on three dimensions of empowerment, namely, resources, agency, and achievements in the context of technology adoption. Results The macroanalysis revealed 10 major gender disparities of 3 categories on a longitudinal and cross-sectional scale.…
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