Large renal arteriovenous fistula treated by embolization: a case report
Abstract
Renal arteriovenous fistula (RAVF) is an uncommon vascular malformation of the kidney, which can be congenital, acquired or idiopathic. Although most patients are asymptomatic, RAVF can lead to hypertension, heart failure, renal insufficiency, hematuria, and progressive increase in size of renal vessels. Diagnosis is aided by radiological studies, with digital subtraction angiography as a gold standard. Besides, ultrasound with color Doppler and computed tomography angiography are noninvasive imaging techniques and can be useful for planning the treatment. A large fistula are generally treated by nephrectomy. Intervention can ameliorate the hemodynamic effects of high flow and to preserve the renal parenchymal function. Although endovascular therapy may be challenging due to the large size and high flow of fistula, this report describes a case of huge RAVF was successfully treated by embolization instead of surgery.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
Read the paper
Related studies
- In silico toxicology protocols
- QM7-X, a comprehensive dataset of quantum-mechanical properties spanning the chemical space of small organic molecules
- Quantum Informed Machine-Learning Potentials for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CO2's Chemisorption and Diffusion in Mg-MOF-74
- In-silico strategies in nano-drug design: Bridging nanomaterials and pharmacological applications
- mRNA codon optimization with quantum computers
- The computational power of the human brain
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.