Graphene quantum dots remodel osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment: an in vitro and in vivo study
Abstract
Objective This study aims to provide experimental basis that underpins the potential application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a therapeutic strategy for periodontitis. Methods and Materials An inflammatory circumstance was established by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS). The effects of GQDs on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation in vitro were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining, ALP activity and ARS semi-quantification. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The underlying osteogenic mechanism was initially explored by mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) and further correlated with gene and protein expression changes via quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy and biosafety of GQDs were evaluated in a rat periodontitis model using micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histomorphometric analysis. Result In vitro , GQDs exhibited favorable cytocompatibility and enhanced the viability, migration, osteogenesis of hPDLSCs under normal conditions. In inflammatory microenvironment, GQDs significantly counteracted the suppression of P.g-LPS on hPDLSCs proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and notably reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and…
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