Quantum Technology Governance I
Abstract
Recent advancements in quantum science highlight the potential transformative capabilities of second-generation (2G) quantum technologies, such as quantum computing, quantum communications, and quantum sensing. Patenting trends in such technologies serve as key indicators of innovation pace at the invention stage. Empirical analyses of real-world patenting activity offer essential evidence to evaluate and inform policy proposals on intellectual property rights, innovation, and governance in quantum technologies. Building upon the insights gained from our earlier 2022 study mapping the patent landscape of quantum technologies, this chapter reports the results of an updated study incorporating data up to October 2025. We assess patenting trends over the period from 2001 to 2025 to determine: (1) the growth of quantum technology patents, (2) the technology breakdown and classification of patenting activity, (3) the choice of priority patent office, (4) the types of patent claims and strategies, (5) the subject matter of recently awarded patents, (6) the top patent owners, (7) the dominant patent portfolios, and (8) the geographical distribution of this activity. Drawing on this landscape analysis, we critically evaluate the impact of patents in the field of quantum technologies, ranging from their significance in incentivising innovation to their private value effects. Our findings show how patent disclosures are contributing to an emerging quantum information commons,…
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