Next-Generation Power Quality Management: From Classical Adaptive Control to Physics-Embedded Data-Driven Methodologies
Abstract
Abstract Due to the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources and nonlinear loads in modern power systems, power quality issues like voltage sags, harmonic distortions, frequency deviations and reactive power imbalances have become more significant. Adaptive controllers are a promising means of eliminating these disturbances by adjusting control parameters as a function of the current state of the system. The present paper provides a thorough review and comparison of adaptive control methods such as adaptive backstepping controller, fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller, model reference adaptive control (MRAC) controller, adaptive fuzzy based controller and Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control scheme for power quality improvement. These controllers and their effectiveness in mitigating transient stability problems, improving voltage profiles, enhancing frequency regulation and reducing harmonic content is explored via literature synthesis, comparative analysis and discussion of simulation and experimental validations. Adaptive controllers are much more effective than conventional fixed-gain controllers in dynamic environments, according to results from recent studies. This is a narrative review that brings together 30 peer-reviewed sources found through a targeted and criteria-based literature search (Section 1.1) that covers voltage, frequency, harmonic and reactive-power control. Future research directions highlighted in the paper include the importance of…
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