Ultrasound-based Assessment of Jugular Vein Alterations in Response to Simulated Microgravity and Countermeasures: A Systematic Review
Abstract
During spaceflight, assessment of jugular vein (JV) alterations is critical as it reflects systemic responses to fluid redistribution and carries a risk of thrombosis, a potentially fatal condition if undetected. Imaging options during spaceflight are restricted, making ultrasound the only feasible modality. However, available data on JV alterations are from small astronaut cohorts (typically n <12), limiting statistical power and robust validation. As a result, ground-based microgravity simulation studies are required to characterise microgravity-induced physiological changes, including JV alterations. This systematic review synthesised ultrasound-based findings on JV alterations across simulated microgravity models, including the effects of countermeasure techniques intended to mitigate these simulated microgravity-induced changes. The findings were compared with reported spaceflight JV measurements to examine similarities in venous responses. This review further reports variability in ultrasound systems, probes, and imaging methods, highlighting their implications for measurement consistency and translational relevance to true microgravity. Of 102 records identified, 21 studies were included in the review and four simulated microgravity models were identified: head-down tilt (n = 9), head-down bed rest (n = 6), dry immersion (n = 3) and parabolic flight (n = 3). Nine studies tested countermeasures, including thigh cuffs (n = 4), lower body negative pressure (n = 3) and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 9 participants or records.
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