Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Using Olive Leaf Extract as an Electrochemical Sensor for Paracetamol and Aspirin in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples
Abstract
Abstract The development of sustainable electrochemical sensing systems demands analytical methodologies combining high performance with minimal environmental effect. In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were produced utilizing aqueous olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent and then used for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of paracetamol and aspirin. The produced AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta-potential studies. The AuNPs showed a typical surface plasmon resonance at 535 nm, spherical shape, an average diameter by TEM of 18.8 ± 2.1 nm and a zeta potential of − 32.5 ± 2.8 mV, suggesting excellent colloidal stability. The AuNP-modified glassy carbon electrode showed well-resolved oxidation reactions of paracetamol and aspirin at about + 0.67 and + 0.95 V, respectively. Under optimal circumstances, linear ranges of 0.1–150 µM for paracetamol and 0.5–250 µM for aspirin were obtained by differential pulse voltammetry with detection limits of 0.032 and 0.15 µM, respectively. The suggested sensor exhibited good selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and storage stability. Its application was proved by the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets, and spiked urine and saliva samples with recoveries of 96.8-103.8%. Results obtained by the…
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