Eco-friendly MIP-based electrochemical sensor for selective detection of brivaracetam in plasma
Abstract
Molecular imprinting presents a versatile technique for creating highly selective recognition sites that bind to the target molecules within complex biological media. This study introduces an indirect voltammetric technique for accurately measuring brivaracetam (BRV), an antiepileptic medication that does not exhibit intrinsic electroactivity. A molecularly imprinted copolymer film was electrografted onto a pencil graphite electrode using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and L-dopa as functional monomers. The formation of pre-polymerization complexes was analyzed with UV-visible spectroscopy to investigate the interactions between the template and monomers. The modified surface was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, which validated the electropolymerization of a dense imprinted copolymer layer (poly(OPD-co-L-dopa)) onto a pencil graphite electrode. Key experimental factors, including monomer choice, the ratio of template (i.e., brivaracetam) to monomer, number of cycles, polymerization solution pH, electropolymerization scan rate, and potential window, were optimized to improve the imprinting efficiency and signal output. The sensor exhibited a linearity range (3 × 10-16 to 1 × 10-15 M) with a low limit of detection (LOD) (1.06 × 10-16 M). Validation in accordance with ICH guidelines demonstrated that the sensor possesses…
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