Sub-picomole detection of norfloxacin using a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, and its long-term intake poses serious threats to human health. Therefore, sensitive determination of NOR is of great significance. This work develops a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (MIES) for detecting NOR based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan/glassy carbon electrode (MIP/cMWCNT-CS/GCE). The cMWCNT-CS serves as a conductive layer for signal amplification, while MIP acts as the recognition element for specific identification of NOR. NOR is indirectly detected by the reduction peak current of potassium ferricyanide probe. This MIES exhibits an ultra-wide linear range (1.00 × 10-13-1.00 × 10-5 M) and an ultra-low detection limit (1.78 × 10-14 M) with rapid response (adsorption time 4 min), high selectivity, and excellent reproducibility. Furthermore, the MIES is successfully applied to determine NOR in honey, milk, and tap water samples with satisfactory recoveries (87.30% ∼ 121.00%). This work provides a promising analytical avenue for rapid and ultrasensitive monitoring of NOR in food and environmental samples.
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