A Comparison of the Interstitial and Blood Glucose Responses Following Consumption of Different Carbohydrate-Containing Beverages in Humans: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between interstitial and blood glucose concentrations following ingestion of carbohydrate-containing drinks differing in carbohydrate amount, osmolarity, and glycaemic index.
Methods: Ten healthy adults (nine male; age: 22 ± 1 y; height: 177 ± 12 cm; weight: 75 ± 14 kg) completed a double-blind, randomised cross-over study with seven beverage trials varying in carbohydrate (CHO) characteristics. Blood samples were collected at rest and over two hours, while interstitial glucose ([iG]) was recorded using a continuous glucose monitor (Supersapiens, Atlanta, USA). Glycaemic metrics and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) were calculated for hypoglycaemic, euglycaemic, and hyperglycaemic ranges. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and paired t-tests (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: Interstitial and blood glucose concentrations were similar at baseline but diverged post-ingestion. MARD varied by glucose rate and direction, exceeding 20% during rapid declines (>2 mg/dL/min), where [iG] underestimated [BG] by -7.3 ± 27.1 mg/dL. Accuracy was highest during stable glucose (MARD = 10.5 ± 8.6%). Carbohydrate amount and glycaemic index influenced peak glucose, whereas beverage concentration (5-20%) had minimal effect when CHO amount was fixed, though variation in CGM agreement appeared during post-peak declines.
Conclusions: CGM tracked blood glucose overall but showed reduced accuracy during rapid…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design.
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