Sensor-based intelligent rehabilitation versus PNF for functional ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Background: Functional ankle instability is a frequent consequence of ankle injury and may lead to recurrent giving way, pain, impaired balance, and reduced functional performance. Conventional rehabilitation approaches such as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation are commonly used to improve neuromuscular control, while sensor-based intelligent rehabilitation provides real-time feedback and objective movement correction. Comparing these approaches may help identify a more effective rehabilitation strategy for improving clinical outcomes in adults with functional ankle instability.
Objective: To compare the effects of sensor-based intelligent rehabilitation and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain, functional disability, and dynamic balance among adults with functional ankle instability.
Methods: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted over six months at Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital, Lahore. A total of 66 participants were enrolled through non-probability purposive sampling and randomly allocated into two equal groups using the lottery method. Group A received sensor-based intelligent rehabilitation using smart insole-guided balance and ankle-control exercises, while Group B received proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Both interventions were delivered over four weeks. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale, functional disability through the Foot and Ankle Disability Index, and dynamic…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 66 participants or records.
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