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Immunotherapy in lung cancer brain metastases

Paisana E, Cascão R, Alvoeiro M, Félix F, Martins G, Guerreiro C, Roque R, Cruz R et al.

NPJ precision oncology, 2025

19 citations

Abstract

Brain metastases (BM) occur frequently in lung cancer, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Standard therapies have limited efficacy due to poor crossing of the blood-brain barrier and the distinct features between BM and the primary tumor. This review explores the immune landscape of brain metastatic disease, emerging immunotherapeutic strategies, and promising biomarkers in NSCLC patients.

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