An iron oxide nanoparticle-phosphorylated cellulose nanofiber-graphene oxide composite for electrochemical determination of chloramphenicol
Abstract
This work presents the development, characterization, and partial analytical method validation of a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on a nanocomposite comprising iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers (pCNF), and graphene oxide (GO) for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) by square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The MNPs@pCNF-GO composite was synthesized and deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by drop-casting, forming an MNPs@pCNF-GO-modified GCE (MNPs@pCNF-GO-GCE). The successful formation and morphological, structural, interfacial, and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanocomposite were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential analysis, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirmed extensive coverage of the GCE surface with the MNPs@pCNF-GO layer. The influence of the drop-cast volume (V) of MNPs@pCNF-GO and dissolved oxygen on the electrochemical signal was investigated. A drop-cast volume V of 20 μL of MNPs@pCNF-GO dispersion on the GCE surface suppressed the oxygen reduction signal, eliminating the need for oxygen removal and enabling rapid analysis. The partial method validation was performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.5) after applying the Savitzky-Golay smoothing procedure. The experimentally determined limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 39.9 μg…
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