Nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: glyphosate detection and the analysis of genetic changes in rye DNA
Abstract
Glyphosate, commonly known by its original trade name Roundup™, is the world’s most widely used herbicide. Glyphosate and it metabolites have profound negative environmental impact and long-term toxicity risk including cancerogenity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption even at concentration levels too low to have a herbicidal effect. Therefore, the detection of these pollutants in low concentrations is an actual and important task.
To increase the sensitivity of the sensor, nanostructures were used.
To analyze the presence of glyphosate and its metabolites in rye juice, two groups of samples were selected. In the first case, glyphosate at different concentrations was added to the water for irrigation on the first day and then the samples were watered with pure water for 7 days. In the second case, rye was watered with pure water for all 8 days, and glyphosate was artificially added just before the measurement. The obtained samples were studied by the DPV employing nanostructured working electrode. To analyze changes in the DNA sequence, a PCR product obtained from samples of the first group was electrochemically studied. To confirm the results obtained, an electrophoresis method was also applied. The results indicate that the DPV signal obtained from samples with artificially added glyphosate has significant differences compared to the signal obtained from the juice of plants absorbing glyphosate in a natural way during growth. However, in both cases, CuO nanostructure based…
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