Monitoring Ketoacidosis and Ketosis through Electrochemical Sensing of Acetone and Acetoacetate in Biological Fluids after Dilution
Abstract
The detection and monitoring of ketone metabolic markers is essential to accurately diagnose ketoacidosis in diabetic patients, safely manage ketogenic diets, and reduce complications associated with ketosis. There is a need for low-cost point-of-use sensors which can accurately monitor ketone bodies (including acetoacetate, acetone, and β -hydroxybutyrate) in biological fluids with minimal sample handling. In this study, we developed an electrochemical sensor for the detection of two ketone bodies, acetone and acetoacetate, using square wave voltammetry with bare/unmodified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). This method involves direct electrochemical oxidation after derivatization with 2-hydrazinobenzoic acid as an electrochemical probe, eliminating the need for enzymes as recognition elements and thus providing enhanced long-term stability for the sensor. While acetone and acetoacetate lack inherent electrochemical activity, they generate a new peak upon reacting with the probe, indicating the formation of hydrazone derivatives corresponding to each ketone body. The method exhibits excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0.125 – 1.25 mM, with limits of detection of 0.034 mM for acetone and 0.037 mM for acetoacetate. The proposed voltammetric method was successfully applied to the detection of acetone in spiked artificial saliva and acetoacetate in spiked rat urine samples, without significant interference from the sample matrices. The reaction mechanism…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Nano Biosensors: Properties, applications and electrochemical techniques
- Electrochemically Synthesized MIP Sensors: Applications in Healthcare Diagnostics
- Toward a Harmonization for Using in situ Nutrient Sensors in the Marine Environment
- Electrochemical determination of rutin by using NiFe2O4 nanoparticles-loaded reduced graphene oxide
- Application of Polyoxometalate-based composites for sensor systems: A review
- Sensitive Electrochemical and Thermal Detection of Human Noroviruses Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles Generated against a Viral Target
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.