Electrochemical generation-collection sensors for bioanalysis
Abstract
Electrochemical generation-collection devices have potential for application in a wide range of analytical devices, both as free standing sensor systems and as components in analytical systems such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or flow injection analysis (FIA). The underlying principle is that an electrochemical reaction on one element is used to generate some chemical species which is then transported by diffusion or diffusion and convection to a second electrode where the electrochemical reaction is reversed. The fraction collected is a function of device geometry, operating conditions, any reaction of the generated species in bulk solution and mass transport. This thesis describes the construction of generation-collection sensors comprising coplanar inlaid microelectrodes of different size and shape: ring-disc and disc-disc in sizes ranging from 10 m to 100 m. Fabrication techniques including sputter-coating and embedding of wires were developed and are described. The sensors were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and their electrochemical characterisation was achieved using reversible outer sphere redox couples including ferrocene derivatives, ruthenium hexaammine (III/II) and ferro/ferricyanide. Experimental data are given for the effects of geometry, size and generator current density, particularly where this would affect the uniformity of the flux. Tests were also undertaken in specially built flow cells to assess their viability…
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