Rapid Microfluidic Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water Sample
Abstract
Heavy metals are naturally found in the earth’s crust. A relatively dense metal or metalloid which is known for its potential toxicity in an environmental context is termed as Toxic Heavy Metal. They include cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, silver etc. to name a few. Human activities like mining, production of industrial wastes, vehicle emissions, manufacturing paints, disposal of microplastics in water bodies are few examples of how these metals are exposed to open vicinities that lead to their direct interaction with living beings. Plants uptake heavy-metal polluted water is then consumed by animals. Ingestion of these plants and animal further becomes the largest source of heavy metal concentration in humans. They are hard to metabolize that causes them to bioaccumulate in the system of the living being. These metals bind to vital cellular components, such as structural proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids, and interfere with their proper functioning. The symptoms and effects vary as per the concentration of the metal or metal compound. In most cases, carcinogenic effects have been observed in central and peripheral nervous system, and circulatory system of the organism. Therefore, there is a need to develop a fast, convenient, accurate, and cost-effective microfluidic sensor platform for heavy metal ions in water bodies of both urban and rural scenarios. In this project, a microfluidic device design (as shown in the Figure 1) is developed adapting a logical…
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