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Bioelectronic Interfaces and Sensors for Neural Organoids

Wang Q, Dong X, Jiang D, Tian S, Qiu Y, Zhu Y, Wu J, Shang S et al.

Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2025

7 citations

Abstract

Neural organoids are emerging as promising in vitro models, offering a unique platform to partially recapitulate the structural and functional complexity of the human nervous system. These three-dimensional (3D) constructs, which mimic key aspects of organ architecture, can be reliably derived from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Their ability to faithfully model neural development and disease pathogenesis has positioned them as indispensable tools in neuroscience research. However, to further unleash their potential, there is a pressing need for long-term and stable monitoring of their dynamic functions in a 3D context. This review provides a brief overview on diverse types of neural organoids and their induction protocols. We further highlight recent advancements in bioelectronic interfaces and sensors tailored for 3D culture. Finally, we discuss future directions aimed at advanced methodologies for real-time, multidimensional functional analysis, ultimately paving the way for breakthroughs in understanding neural development and pathology.

How strong is the evidence?

Evidence Hub reads this as a review, done in cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.

How the five levels of evidence work. The level is assigned automatically from the abstract and can be wrong, so check the paper.

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