In-air EIS sensor for in situ and real-time monitoring of in vitro epithelial cells under air-exposure
Abstract
This paper reports in-air monitoring of in vitro monolayer cells under air-exposure utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In-air impedance measurement was performed by placing integrated electrodes laterally, instead of vertically, to a cell membrane, avoiding electrical disconnection, unlike conventional transepithelial-electrical-resistance (TEER). The in-air EIS sensor platform mainly consisted of two chambers, separated by a porous membrane where cells were cultured, that enabled cell exposure to both air (apical side) and liquid (basal side) for long-term measurement. On top of the membrane, EIS interdigitated electrodes were patterned and lung epithelial cells (A549 type II) were cultured with air exposure on one side. The fabricated in-air EIS sensor successfully demonstrated in situ real-time measurement of cell populations in confluency in the range of 7.8 × 104 and 9.6 × 105 cells per cm2 at a sensitivity of 3.0 × 10-2 Ω per cell in impedance and in the range of 1.0 × 104 and 9.6 × 105 cells per cm2 at a sensitivity of 0.17 × 10-15 F per cell in capacitance under AC frequencies of 100 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. It also successfully monitored transient modulation of tight-junctions that collectively began to open in 30 minutes after the injection of 100 ng ml-1 TNF-α (a relaxation agent), reached maximum relaxation with a 12.6% increase in impedance value and a 12% decrease in capacitance in 60 minutes, and recovered back to its original junction…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a experimental / empirical study, done in cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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