An Eletrochemical Fiber Sensor for Implantable Detection of Serotonin and Dopamine in Brain
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) is critical for understanding brain function and diagnosing neurological disorders. However, conventional neural probes suffer from low sensitivity, rigid structures that damage brain tissue, and limited single-analyte detection. Here, we report a flexible electrochemical fiber sensor for sensitive and simultaneous detection of 5-HT and DA. The sensor is constructed from an expanded carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) with well-exposed individual CNTs and catalytically active tube ends, offering enhanced electrochemical performance. Integrated with both working and counter fibers, it achieves high sensitivity $(150.1 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mu \mathrm{M}$ for $5-\text{HT}, 70.8 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mu \mathrm{M}$ for DA) and low detection limits (0.025 and $0.1 \mu \mathrm{M}$, respectively) in vitro. For in vivo validation, the sensor allowed real-time monitoring of dopamine dynamics in the rat brain and clearly tracked the DA increasement after L-Dopa administration. This fiber sensor offers a promising implantable device for real-time neurochemical analysis and can be extended to multiplex detection of neurotransmitters.
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