Integration of DNA-Based Electrochemical Sensors with Microfluidic Technology to Enhance Biosensing
Abstract
Pathogen surveillance and monitoring is the first line of defense in avoiding diseases and adverse outcomes. Point of care (POC) diagnostic devices have made huge strides to achieve that, however, advancements are still required in order to expand the use of portable devices in environmental, food, and clinical diagnostics. In this work, we address critical challenges in biosensing and pathogen detection through three innovative approaches: (i) enhancing the understanding of the impact of nanostructures in DNA hybridization kinetics, (ii) developing a rapid real-time detection system for Legionella pneumophila using functional nucleic acids as biorecognition elements and DNA barcodes as detection barcodes, and (iii) applying biomimicry in microfluidic designs for uniform velocity and DNA hybridization in multiplexing. We first designed a wash and reagent free in situ electrochemical assay to investigate the role of planar and nanostructured surfaces on real-time DNA hybridization kinetics in buffer and complex media (blood, urine, and saliva). We then conducted continuous measurements to understand how these surface modifications influence electroactive DNA hybridization on the surface under a wide range of probe densities (low, medium, high) and target concentrations (0.01-1 µM). The results show that the effectiveness of nanostructures in enhancing electrochemical sensing depends on the probe/target concentration regime and the medium used in biosensing. Specifically,…
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