Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography
Abstract
The concept of industrial computed tomography (CT) is introduced in this chapter. CT is defined, and the history of CT scanning is outlined. As part of the history, the conventional tomography technique is explained. The development of CT is documented, outlining the initial experiments that lead to the development of modern CT. An overview of the current state of CT scanning is then presented, outlining the five main generations of clinical CT scanner and the two main types of scanner used in industrial CT. The industrial requirements of CT are then discussed, and the content of the following chapters is briefly outlined. Computed tomography is defined as an imaging method in which the object is irradiated with X-rays or gamma rays and mathematical algorithms are used to create a cross-sectional image or a sequence of such images (VDI/VDE 2009). The word tomography itself comes from the Greek tomos, meaning a ‘slice’ or ‘section’, and graphien, meaning ‘to write’. In the process of tomography, X-ray radiography is used to take a large number of radiographic projections, which are then reconstructed using a mathematical algorithm to form a slice image of the object being scanned (Hsieh 2009). These reconstructed slices can then be stacked to form a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the object that can be used in a wide array of applications. The tomographic technique was originally developed as a novel method of clinical visualisation, due to the advantage presented…
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