The impact of N-acetylcysteine on lactate, biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a compound whose mechanism of action is intricately linked to the provision of cysteine for glutathione synthesis. It has been used in medicine and has also made significant inroads into sports, as it can modify the levels of several biomarkers, including those of oxidative processes, inflammation and muscle damage after exercise. Because the effectiveness of NAC supplementation is unclear, the primary objective of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis elucidating how NAC supplementation alters the concentrations of GSH (glutathione), GSSG (glutathione disulfide), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), IL-6 (interleukin 6), TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor alpha), CK (creatine kinase), lactate, and muscle soreness after physical exertion. Suitable studies were searched for from February to September 2023, and the results of those included (n = 20) indicate that NAC supplementation significantly diminishes both muscle soreness (p = 0.03; the mean difference (MD) of NAC's effect was -0.43 with a 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.81, -0.04) and lactate concentrations after exercise (p = 0.03; the MD -0.56 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.07, -0.06). A substantial decrease was observed in concentrations of IL-6 (p = 0.03; the standardized MD (SMD) was -1.71; 95% CI, -3.26, -0.16) and TBARS (p = 0.02; SMD was -1.03, 95% CI, -1.90, -0.15). Furthermore, an elevation in GSH concentration was observed following supplementation. However, we saw no…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 20 participants or records.
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