Comparative Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Therapies on Olfactory Bulb Histopathology and Olfactory Function in a Rat Model of Experimental Allergic Rhinitis
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in the olfactory bulb and nasal mucosa, as well as olfactory outcomes, following treatment modalities in an rat model of experimental AR.
Methods: This experimental study included 49 female Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 7 per group). Allergic rhinitis was induced by ovalbumin sensitization and intranasal challenge. Study groups included negative and positive controls, and treatment groups receiving methylprednisolone, montelukast, levocetirizine, olopatadine, or fluticasone propionate between days 21 and 34. The primary outcome was histopathological evaluation of inflammatory and structural changes in the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb at day 34. The secondary outcome was assessment of olfactory function using the food-finding latency test.
Results: All animals completed the study without mortality. Compared with the positive control group, all treatment modalities resulted in significant improvement in nasal mucosal histopathology, including vascular dilatation, goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, plasma cell infiltration, mast cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, chondrocyte hypertrophy, and ciliary loss. Similarly, significant improvements were observed in most olfactory bulb parameters, including glomerular layer thickness, glomerular diameter, glomerular organization, neuronal degeneration, vascular congestion, perivascular edema, and microglial…
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