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Sintilimab-induced delayed-onset toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with gastric carcinoma: a case report and literature review

Cheng Q, Mao S, Wang L, Yang X, Zhang R, Chen L, Jiang L, Li J et al.

Frontiers in oncology, 2026

Abstract

Background: Sintilimab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor widely used in various malignancies, has demonstrated favorable antitumor efficacy and safety. However, severe immune-related cutaneous adverse events (irCAEs) such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but potentially fatal. Understanding their clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for optimal management.

Case presentation: We report a case of a patient with gastric carcinoma who developed delayed-onset TEN after receiving four cycles of neoadjuvant sintilimab combined with the SOX regimen (S-1 and oxaliplatin). The patient subsequently underwent radical gastrectomy, and postoperative pathology confirmed a complete pathological response. On the third postoperative day, the patient developed a scattered erythematous rash that began on the back and spread to the upper abdomen and upper and lower limbs, forming plaques. A dermatology consultation and clinical evaluation led to a diagnosis of immune-related TEN. The patient received systemic methylprednisolone and comprehensive supportive care, resulting in a gradual recovery of skin lesions, with no recurrence of TEN during follow-up.

Discussion: This case suggests that sintilimab-induced TEN can occur as a delayed immune-mediated reaction, even after drug discontinuation. The potential mechanism of sintilimab-induced TEN may involve the excessive activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and dysregulated…

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