Predicting the Effects of Medication and Nutrients on Orthodontic Tooth Movement via the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand/ Osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) Ratio in Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Abstract
Aim: To develop an in-vitro system that predicts how specific medications and nutrients affect Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM), facilitating personalized treatment recommendations for orthodontic patients.
Methodology: Human Periodontal Ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured. The cells were exposed to Levocetirizine (5 µM and 10 µM), Risperidone (50 µM and 100 µM), Red Bull® energy drink (10% and 20% v/v), ATRA (2.0 and 4.0 µM) and Propylene Glycol (PG, 3% and 4% v/v). Cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, which measures mitochondrial activity. A LUMINEX bead assay was used to quantify RANKL and OPG levels in the culture medium. Immunofluorescence staining and Fiji2 analysis were performed to quantify membrane-bound RANKL expression.
Results: Propylene glycol significantly increased both Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, indicating a potential enhancement of OTM. Risperidone (100 µM), the energy drink (10% v/v), ATRA (2.0 and 4.0 µM) and Propylene Glycol (3% and 4% v/v) significantly decreased OPG levels without affecting RANKL levels, suggesting increased OTM. Levocetirizine (5 and 10 µM), Risperidone (50 µM) and energy drink (20% v/v) had no significant effect on RANKL or OPG levels, implying a negligible impact on OTM.
Conclusion: This in-vitro system effectively predicted the effects of various substances on the RANKL/OPG ratio, providing…
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