Image noise in X-ray imaging caused by radiation scattering and source leakage, a qualitative and quantitative analysis
Abstract
All irradiated objects in the vicinity of an imaging set-up increase the amount of scattered radiation. It is a well-known fact that if this radiation is allowed to impinge on the image collector it naturally degrades the image quality. It also causes problems with equipment characterisation, such as X-ray energy spectra measurements. However, it may not be a well-known fact that when a small radiation safety enclosure is used - common for industrial applications - this type of scattered radiation is astonishing large. In this work a quantitative and qualitative analysis has been carried out in an attempt to explain the origin of the problem, why it occurs and how it may be treated.The scattered radiation increases rapidly when the fractions of X-ray photons in the primary X-ray spectrum above the K-edges of the enclosure wall material increase. High-energy photons are scattered and/or will generate characteristic radiation in the enclosure wall material instead of being absorbed. For lead, which is commonly used as shielding and wall material, this noise becomes significant when tube potentials over 90-100 kV are used, since the K-edges for lead are 72-74 keV (Kα) and 85-87 keV (Kβ). Below tube potentials of 100 kV, the noise from scattered radiation is insignificant, even if the primary beam is wide enough to hit the enclosure walls. Above 100 kV it increases rapidly and for this application the number of scattered photons was 50% of the primary photons at 170 kV.In this…
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