Impacts of digital third-wave interventions for adults on wellbeing and mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
To synthesise the efficacy of digital third-wave process-based interventions (e.g., ACT, Mindfulness, Compassion) for improving wellbeing and ameliorating mental health symptoms in adults. A prospectively registered systematic review (OSF: 10.17605/OSF.IO/5RMU2) and random-effects meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across six databases through January 2026. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework. Interventions (k = 147; N = 26,391) yielded small-to-moderate immediate post-intervention improvements in wellbeing (k = 46, g = 0.36), depression (k = 110, g = 0.44), anxiety (k = 93, g = 0.40), stress (k = 66, g = 0.46), quality of life (k = 32, g = 0.30), and psychological flexibility (k = 51, g = 0.41). Heterogeneity was substantial across most outcomes (I2 > 75%). Benefits were observed across healthy (61 trials; n = 15,770), mental health (41 trials; n = 6,130), and medical samples (46 trials; n = 4,491), with population type not significantly moderating immediate post-intervention effects. Comparator type significantly moderated several analyses, with smaller effects against active than inactive controls. Guidance did not significantly moderate immediate post-intervention effects, although it predicted larger short-term depression effects (QM = 4.17, p = .048). At short-term follow-up, effects remained statistically supported across all outcomes, while only depression, anxiety, and stress remained statistically supported…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 26,391 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- A meta‐analysis of anal cancer incidence by risk group: Toward a unified anal cancer risk scale
- Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Exercise interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Prognostic Significance of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
- Glucocorticoid Resistance: Is It a Requisite for Increased Cytokine Production in Depression? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.