Prevalence of Malocclusions in Down Syndrome Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A higher prevalence of dental malocclusion has been suggested among individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) compared to controls, although no studies to date have investigated such a difference according to age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental malocclusion and other orthodontic measures between DS and non-syndromic (non-DS) individuals across three age groups of children, adolescents, and adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 147 patients. Of those, 72 were diagnosed with DS and were divided into N = 15 children (18 years). The remaining 75 patients were sex- and age-matched controls. The two groups were compared according to age group in terms of the prevalence of dental malocclusion, measures of sagittal, vertical, and transverse discrepancy, facial profile, and probable sleep bruxism with chi-square tests for proportion. Results: The DS patients consistently exhibited a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to the non-DS patients, regardless of age group. The non-DS adolescents presented with a significantly higher prevalence of convex profile than the DS adolescents. The adolescent and adult DS patients most commonly presented with a maxillary transverse discrepancy and posterior crossbite compared to the non-DS controls. The DS adults had a higher prevalence of probable sleep bruxism. Conclusions:…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 147 participants or records.
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