Complex in vitro model systems to understand the biointerfaces of dental implants
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This narrative review aims to provide an overview of in vitro models to evaluate new materials or surface functionalities in dental implant research. The focus lies on concepts and models rather than specific materials or cell types.
METHODS
Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and google scholar. Major focus was on in vitro studies using mammalian cells that evaluated different implant materials with respect to soft tissue adhesion or osseointegration. Keywords were combinations of in vitro models, dental materials, dental implantology, cells, cell material interactions, or biointerfaces. A total of 147 articles are included in this review.
RESULTS
The majority of studies report on first-line in vitro evaluations with static 2D cell cultures on cylindrical discs of the material of interest. One step further, more advanced 2D models incorporated multiple cell types or studied signaling pathways and mechanisms. Only few publications reported on truly 3D models. A new category of dynamic culture models or integrated implant-on-a-chip systems is arising. We conclude that more research is needed to understand clinical observations on the cellular level and that standardized protocols are needed to evaluate new materials.
SIGNIFICANCE
To accommodate patient-specific requirements, new technologies for surface treatments and functionalizations are required. Thereby, the portfolio of standard titanium or zirconia-based dental implants will…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a review, done in cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- A meta‐analysis of anal cancer incidence by risk group: Toward a unified anal cancer risk scale
- Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Exercise interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Prognostic Significance of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
- Glucocorticoid Resistance: Is It a Requisite for Increased Cytokine Production in Depression? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.