Characterization of Biological Effects of Computed Tomography by Assessing the DNA Damage Response
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to characterize the biological response of clinically relevant low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) to inform risk assessment for diagnostic radiographic procedures. Computed tomography (CT) exams provide a non-invasive, fast and extremely detailed diagnostic tool for physicians. Despite the immense impact diagnostic radiology has had on the advancement of healthcare, recent incidents and retrospective studies have focused attention on radiation dose and potential risks from diagnostic exams, especially CT. Because CT exams are often necessary and very commonly employed to provide standard and life-saving medical care, it is crucial to understand the potential risks and avoid adverse health effects. As current risk estimate are based on population statistics and the "average patient" is rarely average, determining the risk for an individual scenario based on specific patient parameters could revolutionize diagnostic medicine. The lack of scientific evidence for specific biological mechanisms in response to low doses of IR makes even defining risk particularly imprecise. Furthermore, the relationship between physical and biological dose following IR is especially unclear for low dose modalities such as CT. Due to the dynamic nature of cellular damage repair, it is clear that accurate and reproducible kinetic analysis is essential to properly assess the gammaH2AX response. For this reason, this work focuses on 1) developing and evaluating a…
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