Cryptosporidium parvum and gp60 genotype prevalence in dairy calves worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a significant zoonotic pathogen that often occurs in dairy cattle. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy calves worldwide to help improve global animal husbandry and public policy implementation. Published articles were obtained from PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. The prevalence of C. parvum infection in dairy calves was estimated using a random effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression. In total, 118 datasets were included in the final quantitative analysis. The results showed that the global prevalence of C. parvum in dairy calves was 21.9% (7,755/42,890; 95% confidence interval: 19.9-23.9%). C. parvum infection was high in pre-weaned dairy calves (24.9%, 6,706/29,753) and diarrhea dairy calves (33.6%, 1,637/6,077). In countries with low dairy stocking density (< 10 cows/farm), the prevalence of C. parvum in dairy calves was also relatively low (15.2%, 1,960/16,584). Three subtype families [IIa (72.2%, 2,293/3,177), IId (27.4%, 872/3,177), and IIl (0.4%, 12/3,177)] were detected in dairy calves globally from selected studies. C. parvum IIa was the dominant zoonotic subtype. In the IIa subtype family of C. parvum, the proportions of subtypes from high to low (top nine) were IIaA15G2R1 (32.4%, 742/2,293), IIaA18G3R1 (11.8%, 271/2,293), IIaA13G2R1 (8.2%, 187/2,293), IIaA16G1R1 (6.4%, 147/2,293),…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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